Shapie, et al (1) & Sulaiman, (2).

1) Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor

2) Pertubuhan Silat Gayung Fatani Malaysia

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the technique causes of winning and losing on Indonesia Men’s Pencak Silat by categories Class A and Class D. Video of the match that gets from YouTube will be the evidence to analysis the technical cause of winning and losing for Indonesia males fighter during competition. Four videos has been selected as an indication for technical analysis, two of the video is winning (Men’s 50kg Class A) and another two video is losing (Men’s 50kg Class A and Men’s 65kg Class D).

INTRODUCTION

The technique is an important indicator for silat fighter to get an extra point during the match. In this study, research notated the technique used in defensive and offensive movements such as in another martial art movement. The technique of the silat was collected from 14 action motion categories by Shapie., et al., 2013 to determine the technique cause of winning and losing in Pencak Silat 28^th sea games 2015 Singapore on Indonesian men’s categories A and D. Yet, in high-performance silat fighter, they have more awareness and understanding in how to deliberate the exact technique during match in a correct time. This technique was required based on their experiences in previous match and training that trigger the muscle memory during in match.

Nonetheless, even some of the silat fighter have good technique in martial art, they were unable to generated good performance during match because of anxiety and stress (Hordacre, Immink, Ridding, & Hillier, 2016). The anxiety and stress will be a dangerous factor that affect the silat fighter because can lead them made wrong decision and gave opponent chance to beat them and lose the game (Stubbs et al., 2017). Pencak Silat was compete in a short period of time, so every second there need to aware, focus, control emotion, be smart and delivers a good technique in a precise time for a 3 round of the match. Each technique that delivers by the silat fighter has a difference points them get. The aim objective of this study is to find out the technique causes of winning and losing in Pencak Silat 28^th sea games 2015 Singapore on Indonesian men’s categories A and D.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

Match analysis

An openly accessible four video recording from YouTube of a male silat match from the 28^th SEA Games Singapore 2015 was used for the analysis. There was a men’s 50kg Class A and men’s 65kg Class D. by using the different types of event performed by fighter was use as during the match start. The playback, slow motion, and pause methods were used to get the 14 types of action movement including offensive and defensive. Various techniques have been show from the silat fighter during the match. The technique of silat fighter action will be determine by 14 motion categories include (Shapie., et al., 2013)

Punch
Kick
Block
Catch
Topple
Sweep
Evade/Dodge
Self-Release
Block and Punch
Block and Kick
Block and Sweep
Fake Punch
Fake Kick
Others

The action movement of the Indonesia men’s pencak silat fighter will be notated based on the video during the match. The various action of movement during the match will be determining the technique that causes the fighter to winning and losing in the competition. The data acquired was organized for analysing by using SPSS software. Formerly the analysed data was compiling with tabulated data in result.

STATICTICAL ANALYSIS

Based on the observation, the raw data collected from 4 video silat matches by using action and outcome procedure from Shapie., et al., 2013. The SPSS, version 24 also includes for more detailed in statistical analysis. A descriptive analysis was used to regulate the technique causes of winning and losing in pencak silat 28th sea games 2015 Singapore on Indonesian men’s categories A and D.

RESULT

INDONESIA VS SINGAPORE (MEN’S 50KG CLASS A) (INDON WIN)

Action	Hit Target		Hit Elsewhere		Miss Target
	INDO	SING	INDO	SING	INDO	SING
Block & Punch
Block & Kick
Block & Sweep
Block						7
Kick	18	14	3	6	2
Fake Kick			1	2
Punch	8	9		5	3	3
Fake Punch
Topple	3	2			4
Catch	5			4
Dodge	2			1
Sweep	2	1	1		9	4
Self-Release
Total	38	26	4	18	18	14
					60	58

Group Statistics
	Group	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Score	INDON	3	20.0000	17.08801	9.86577
Score	SING	3	19.3333	6.11010	3.52767

INDONESIA VS PHILIPINES (MEN’S 50KG CLASS A) (INDON WIN)

Action	Hit Target		Hit Elsewhere		Miss Target
	INDO	PHI	INDO	PHI	INDO	PHI
Block & Punch
Block & Kick
Block & Sweep
Block	1			1	2
Kick	11	6	3	10	3	4
Fake Kick	1
Punch	3	5		4		2
Fake Punch		2
Topple	3
Catch	5		4
Evade/Dodge	2			1
Sweep	6	2	3		1	7
Self-Release
Total	32	15	10	16	6	13
					48	44

Group Statistics
	Group	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Score	INDON	3	16.0000	14.00000	8.08290
Score	PHI	3	14.6667	1.52753	.88192

INDONESIA VS VIETNAM (MEN’S 50KG CLASS A) (INDON LOSE)

Action	Hit Target		Hit Elsewhere		Miss Target
	INDO	VIET	INDO	VIET	INDO	VIET
Block & Punch
Block & Kick
Block & Sweep
Block	1	1
Kick	8	7	6	7		2
Fake Kick				4
Punch	1	2
Fake Punch
Topple	2	2
Catch	1	4		1
Dodge
Sweep	1	4	6	7	2	4
Self-Release
Total	14	20	12	19	2	6
					28	45

Group Statistics
	Group	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Score	INDON	3	9.3333	6.42910	3.71184
Score	VIET	3	15.0000	7.81025	4.50925

INDONESIA VS THAILAND (MEN’S 65KG CLASS D) (INDON LOSE)

Action	Hit Target		Hit Elsewhere		Miss Target
	INDO	THAI	INDO	THAI	INDO	THAI
Block & Punch
Block & Kick
Block & Sweep
Block	3	4			1
Kick	10	5	20	8	15	2
Fake Kick				1		8
Punch	13	44	8	12	4	2
Fake Punch
Topple		1		5	8
Catch		2	4
Dodge	4	2
Sweep						1
Self-Release
Total	30	58	32	26	28	13
					90	93

Group Statistics
	Group	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Score	INDON	3	30.0000	2.00000	1.15470
Score	THAI	3	32.3333	23.15887	13.37078

Table 1.1 INDONESIA VS PHILIPINES (MEN’S 50KG CLASS A) (INDON WIN)

EXPONENT	PUNCH	KICK	SWEEP	TOPPLE	TOTAL
INDONESIA	3	17	10	3	33
PHILIPINES	11	20	9	0	40
TOTAL	14	37	19	3	73

Table 2.1 INDONESIA VS SINGAPORE (MEN’S 50KG CLASS A) (INDON WIN)

EXPONENT	PUNCH	KICK	SWEEP	TOPPLE	TOTAL
INDONESIA	11	23	12	7	53
SINGAPORE	17	20	5	2	44
TOTAL	27	43	17	9	97

Table 3.1 INDONESIA VS THAILAND (MEN’S 65KG CLASS D) (INDON LOSE)

EXPONENT	PUNCH	KICK	SWEEP	TOPPLE	TOTAL
INDONESIA	25	45	0	8	78
THAILAND	58	25	1	6	90
TOTAL	83	70	1	14	168

Table 4.1 INDONESIA VS VIETNAM (MEN’S 50KG CLASS A) (INDON LOSE)

EXPONENT	PUNCH	KICK	SWEEP	TOPPLE	TOTAL
INDONESIA	1	14	9	2	26
VIETNAM	2	16	15	2	35
TOTAL	3	30	24	4	61

DISCUSSION

Based on the data provided, the data show 4 tables that divide by two is winning and losing in men’s 50kg Class A and men’s 65kg Class D by team Indonesian. The technique for the both fighter during the match for every round has been notated in 14 motion categories for each movement they deliver to the opponent. The specific action of the silat fighter will be selected and be determined by their technique that causes them to win and lose the match.

The causes of winning for both two match men’s 50kg Class A team Indonesian in term of the technique is by their sweep and topples. This technique has a high point than punch and kick. Overall their winning game was controlled by hit target on a sweep and topples. The number hit a target of sweep and topples were dominance compared to the Philippines. For both winning the match, Indonesia sweep and topple are 70% and 85%. While Singapore and Philippines have 45% and 34%of sweeps and topples percentage. Sweep and topples are a very effective technique to gain an extra point during the match.

Next, the causes of losing for team Indonesian in term of technique in men’s 65kg Class D are their punch and topple. The overall winning game was controlled by Thailand. The numbers of Thailand hit target punch and topple were dominance compared to the Indonesian. Therefore their losings the match, Indonesia punch and topple are 35% and 0%. While Thailand has 75% and 100% of punch and topples percentage. Even punch is easy to counter and gain a point, it needs the exact time to deliver to the opponent.

For the men’s 50kg Class A (Final) the causes of technique that lead to losing are punches and sweep. This match was winning by Vietnam. The number hit the target of punch and sweep were dominance compare to the Indonesian. Consequently their losings the match, Indonesia punch and sweep are 50% and 15%. While Vietnam has 50% and 90% of punch and sweep percentage. The difference between sweep techniques for both opponents can determine the win and loss at the last round of the match when the game an fast and intense matches. The silat games need high expenditure energy level to perform in short period of time. Another factor has exponent had an ability to read opponent technique to hit the specific target. Therefore, timing, power and accuracy training should balance with a punch and sweep training to increase the performance in silat.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, a technique is a factor that can cause the player win or lose the match. Exponent who mastery technique sweep and topples has a high percentage of winning the games. Another type of technique such as punch and kick also important for silat fighters cause this is the basic technique and most used technique for starting the attacking or defensive movement during the games. The efficiency in their training had been proven by their technique in controlling the game.

Furthermore, the silat fighters need to strengthen their physical to perform the technique in a right posture. The resistance training also required for them to increase their power and strength when performing a technique during the match. Therefore, it can increase the power of kicking and punching in a repetitive movement where it need generate to get the score. It was showed physical; technique and fitness assist in martial art performances. Meanwhile in the martial art have high intensity and low intensity actions movements, an explosive strength that training help in developing muscular power and performance of endurance (Lum, Tan, Pang, & Barbosa).

REFERENCES

Buch, E. R., Santarnecchi, E., Antal, A., Born, J., Celnik, P. A., Classen, J., et al. (2017). Effects of tdcs on motor learning and memory formation: A consensus and critical position paper. Clinical Neurophysiology, 128(4), 589-603. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2017.01.004

Ceci, R., Beltran Valls, M. R., Duranti, G., Dimauro, I., Quaranta, F., Pittaluga, M., et al. (2014). Oxidative stress responses to a graded maximal exercise test in older adults following explosive-type resistance training. Redox Biology, 2, 65-72. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.004

Choi, E.-H., Yoo, W.-K., Ohn, S. H., Ahn, S., Kim, H. J., & Jung, K.-I. (2016). Enhancement of motor coordination by applying high frequency repetitive tms on the sensory cortex. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 28, 17-22. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.02.008

Fattorini, L., Tirabasso, A., Lunghi, A., Di Giovanni, R., Sacco, F., & Marchetti, E. Muscular synchronization and hand-arm fatigue. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.07.009

Gucciardi, D. F., Stamatis, A., & Ntoumanis, N. Controlling coaching and athlete thriving in elite adolescent netballers: The buffering effect of athletes’ mental toughness. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.02.007

Hordacre, B., Immink, M. A., Ridding, M. C., & Hillier, S. (2016). Perceptual-motor learning benefits from increased stress and anxiety. Human Movement Science, 49, 36-46. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.06.002

Lum, D., Tan, F., Pang, J., & Barbosa, T. M. Effects of intermittent sprint and plyometric training on endurance running performance. Journal of Sport and Health Science. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.08.005

Stubbs, B., Koyanagi, A., Hallgren, M., Firth, J., Richards, J., Schuch, F., et al. (2017). Physical activity and anxiety: A perspective from the world health survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 545-552. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.028

Shapie MNM, Oliver J, O’Donoghue PG, Tong R.(2013) Activity profile during action time in national silat competition http://combatsports.edu.pl/abstracted.php?level=5&ICID=1073630

RECOMMENDATION

Based on my recommendation, specific studies that can determine the exact technique that efficiently to causes the winning and losing during last round of the match in Pencak Silat’s. A technique is important for silat fighter to mastery because can affect the game in the match especially last round of the match. When doing the action with proper technique, it does help the silat fighter to hit the target more effectively. Therefore, technique or skill can contribute in awareness besides train decision making in short time. Yet, the right technique should be parallel with reaction time training. Nonetheless, by training continuously in one technique for a prolonged time can improve their technique in more accurate. Hit target will be the main objectives in for getting point during the match. For indication, miss target and hit elsewhere can be decreasing from phase to phase.

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SRT 605 – STATISTIC IN SPORT & BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES

Monday 10 July 2017

TECHNIQUE CAUSES OF WINNING AND LOSING IN PENCAK SILAT 28TH SEA GAMES 2015 SINGAPORE ON INDONESIAN MEN’S CATEGORIES A AND D